People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red or brown. In most cases, people with either type of hematuria do not have pain or any other signs or symptoms. More serious causes are swelling of the kidney, urethra, bladder or prostate, or cancer of the kidney or bladder. Only a small percentage of people with microscopic hematuria have cancer. A history of smoking raises the risk of bladder or kidney cancer.
That's why it is so important to seek medical attention if you see blood in your urine. It could be a warning sign for a potentially life-threatening illness. Fortunately, the majority of the time, blood in the urine is not a sign of a serious illness. If your doctor thinks you may have hematuria, you will have a repeat urine test to make sure the first test was right.
Your doctor will ask you about your health history, including infections, kidney stones, smoking, menstruation and recent injuries.
He or she will also ask about medications you are taking. Your doctor will perform a physical exam to check for pain or tenderness in the bladder or kidney area. Men may be given a digital rectal exam to look for prostate problems.
Women may have a pelvic exam to look for the source of red blood cells in the urine. This is a procedure a urologist performs to see inside the bladder and urethra the tube that allows urine to pass out of the body. The doctor uses a thin tube with a camera and light on the end--called a cystoscope--to look for cancer cells or other problems. Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine.
Your kidneys, located in the rear portion of your upper abdomen, produce urine by filtering waste and fluid from your blood. In hematuria, your kidneys — or other parts of your urinary tract — allow blood cells to leak into urine.
Various problems can cause this leakage, including:. Urinary tract infections. These occur when bacteria enter your body through the urethra and multiply in your bladder. Symptoms can include a persistent urge to urinate, pain and burning with urination, and extremely strong-smelling urine. For some people, especially older adults, the only sign of illness might be microscopic blood in the urine. A bladder or kidney stone. The minerals in concentrated urine sometimes form crystals on the walls of your kidneys or bladder.
Over time, the crystals can become small, hard stones. The stones are generally painless, so you probably won't know you have them unless they cause a blockage or are being passed. Then there's usually no mistaking the symptoms — kidney stones, especially, can cause excruciating pain. Bladder or kidney stones can also cause both gross and microscopic bleeding. Strenuous exercise. It's rare for strenuous exercise to lead to gross hematuria, and the cause is unknown.
It may be linked to trauma to the bladder, dehydration or the breakdown of red blood cells that occurs with sustained aerobic exercise. Runners are most often affected, although anyone can develop visible urinary bleeding after an intense workout. If you see blood in your urine after exercise, don't assume it's from exercising. See your doctor.
Almost anyone — including children and teens — can have red blood cells in the urine. And many people have it without having any other related problems. There not be enough blood in the urine to change the color, but in severe cases, the urine may look pink, red, or tea colored. If you have blood in your urine that lasts more than a day, see a health care provider, especially if you have unexplained weight loss, discomfort with urination, frequent urination, or urgent urination.
Health Home Conditions and Diseases. What causes blood in the urine? Other, more serious causes include: Cancer Kidney infection or disease Urinary tract infection UTI Enlarged prostate men only Kidney or bladder stones Certain diseases like sickle cell anemia and cystic kidney disease Injury to the kidneys Some medications cause blood in the urine.
What are the symptoms of blood in the urine? How is blood in the urine diagnosed? Your doctor will review your medical history and do a physical exam. Other tests may include: Urinalysis. Urine is tested for various cells and chemicals, such as red and white blood cells, germs, or too much protein. Blood tests. Blood is checked for high levels of waste products.
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